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Ini adalah postingan aku yang pertama. Selama ini aku belum mengenal website blog yang ada di Internet. Kali itu yang aku tahu setiap halaman yang terbuka itu sama saja. Nah kali ini saya membuat artikel yang sangat menarik. Yakni palajaran bahasa inggris Direct and Indirect Speech. Direct and Indirect Speech ini sangat berguna dalam mengubah kata-kata seseorang yang kita kenal maupun yang kita tidak kenal menjadi sebuah kalimat dari kita tapi dalam Inggris. Misalnya dalam bahasa Indonesia begini:

 "Ayah mau pergi ke kantor untuk bekerja." kata ayah

nah kita bisa ubah menjadi

Ayah berkata bahwa dia mau pergi ke kantor untuk bekerja

Perubahan kalimat ini seperti pelajaran dalam Bahasa Indonesia, lohh. Ini seperti pelajaran "Mengubah Kalimat Aktif Menjadi Kalimat Aktif" tapi dalam bahasa inggris tentunya. Nah mari kita cekidot....

mari kita mulai

Let's Go Dude......

Direct Speech Simple present Present continuous Present perfect Present perfect continuous Simple past Past continuous Future Present

Indirect Speech Simple past Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Past Past

Direct Speech  this = ini these = ini come = datang here = di sini, ke sini hence = dari sini hither = ke tempat ini ago = yang lalu now = sekarang today = hari ini tomorrow = besok yesterday = kemarin last night = tadi malam next week = minggu depan thus = begini contoh : He said, “I will come here”.

Indirect Speech that = itu those = itu go = pergi there = di sana, ke sana thence = dari sana thither = ke tempat itu before = lebih dahulu then = pada waktu itu that day = hari itu next day = hari berikutnya the previous day = sehari sebelumnya the previous night = semalam sebelumnya the following week = minggu berikutnya so = begitu He said that he would go there

No.	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
1	Simple Present Tense	Simple Past Tense
	Linda said: “I buy my dictionary at the book shop”.	Linda said that she bought her dictionary at the book shop.
2	Present Continuous Tense	Past Continuous
	She said: “I doing my English homework”.	She said that she was doing her English homework.
3	Present Perfect	Past Perfect Tense
	John said: “I have finished doing my reports”.	John said that he had finished doing his reports.
4	Present Perfect Continuous Tense	Past Perfect Continuous Tense
	He said: “We have been living here for three years”.	He said that they had been living there for three years.
5	Future Tense	Past Future Tense
	Laila said: “We will leave for Singapore”.	Laila said that they would leave for Singapore.
6	Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous Tense
	He said: “I was reading an English novels”.	He said that he had been reading English novels.

Selain perubahan tense jika Reporting Verb-nya dalam Simple Past Tense, keterangan waktu juga mengalami perubahan sebagai berikut ini.

No.	Direct	Indirect
1	Today	That day
	Father said: “I’ll be very busy today”.	Father said that he would be very busy that day.
2	Yesterday	The day before
	He said: “I came to your house yesterday”.	He said that he had come to my house the day before.
3	Tomorrow	The following day / the next day
	He promised: “I will return your books tomorrow”.	He promised that he would return my books the next day.
4	Next week	The following week
	They said: “We will go to your house next week”.	They said that they would come to my house the following week.
5	Next year	The following year
	She said: “I am going to America next year”.	She said that she was going to America the following year.
6	Last week	The previous week
	He said to me: “I bought this dictionary last week”.	He told me that he had bought that dictionary the previous week.
7	Last month	The previous month
	John said: “My father came back from Japan last month”.	John said that his father had come back from Japan the previous month.
8	The day before yesterday	Two days before
	She said: “I sent my application letter the day before yesterday”.	She said that she had sent her application letter two days before.

) Kalimat perintah (imperative sentences)

Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat perintah, reporting verb say atau tell harus diubah menjadi kata kerja tertentu yang menandakan :

 command (perintah), misalnya ordered, commanded, dsb yang berarti menyuruh, memerintahkan.

 precept (petunjuk, bimbingan, didikan), misalnya advised yang berarti menasehati.

 request (permohonan), misalnya asked yang berarti meminta, memohon.

 entreaty (permohonan yang sangat mendesak), misalnya begged yang berarti meminta, memohon (dengan sangat).

 prohibition (larangan), misalnya forbade yang berarti melarang.

Dalam perubahannya dari kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, modus imperatif harus diganti dengan infinitif. Tegasnya, reported verb (kata kerja yang diberitakan atau kata kerja dalam reported speech) harus diubah menjadi infinitive with to.

a) Command :

Direct: He said to his servant, “Go away at once!”

Indirect:He ordered his servant to go away at once

b) Precept :

Direct: She said to her son, “Study hard!”

Indirect: He advised her son to study hard

c) Request :

Direct: He said to his friend, “Please lend me your pen!”

Indirect: He asked his friend to be kind enough to lend him his pencil

d) Entreaty :

Direct: He said to his master, “Pardon me, sir”

Indirect: He begged his master to pardon him.

e) Prohibition :

Direct: She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”

Indirect: She forbade her daughter to go there

Kalau reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi reported verb ask, order, command dsb (tapi jika bukan forbid), predikatnya diubah ke dalam infinitive with to yang didahului oleh not atau no + infinitive with to.

Direct: She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”

Indirect: She asked herdaughter not to go there.

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a) Reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi ask atau inquire. Dengan mengulangi kata tanya dan mengubah tenses jika pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata tanya diberitakan.

Direct He said to me, “Where are you going?” He said to me, “What are you doing?”

Indirect He asked me where I was going He inquired of me what I was doing

                                                                               

D He said to me, “Are you going away today?”

I  He asked me whether I was going away that day.

D He asked me , “can you come along?”

I He asked me if I could come along.